FGF19

FGF19 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 19) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF19 gene. It is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, which is involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion.

Function

FGF19 functions as a hormone, with the liver as its target organ. It acts on the liver to suppress bile acid production and to stimulate glycogen synthesis and protein synthesis. FGF19 also plays a role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and lipogenesis. It is involved in the suppression of cytochrome P450 enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol.

Clinical significance

Alterations in FGF19 signaling have been implicated in a variety of diseases. Overexpression of FGF19 has been observed in certain types of cancer, including colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Conversely, reduced levels of FGF19 have been associated with conditions such as bile acid malabsorption and obesity.

Therapeutic potential

Due to its role in bile acid, cholesterol, and lipid metabolism, FGF19 is being investigated for its therapeutic potential in treating metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. However, due to the potential for FGF19 to promote tumor growth, strategies are being developed to harness the beneficial metabolic effects of FGF19 while minimizing its potential tumorigenic effects.

See also

• Fibroblast growth factor
• Bile acid
• Cytochrome P450
• Colorectal cancer
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Bile acid malabsorption
• Obesity
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Type 2 diabetes