Ethanethiol
Organosulfur compound
| Ethanethiol | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | 6365 |
| ChemSpider ID | |
| UNII | 3X0XU7XQ5S |
| ChEBI | 16101 |
| ChEMBL | 1351 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical Formula | C_2H_6S |
| Molar Mass | |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.839 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | |
| Boiling Point | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS Pictograms | [[File:|50px]] |
| GHS Signal Word | |
| GHS Hazard Statements | |
| NFPA 704 | [[File:|50px]] |
| References | |
Ethanethiol, also known as ethyl mercaptan and mercaptoethane, is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula C_2H_6S. It is a colorless liquid with a strong and distinctive odor, often described as resembling that of rotten cabbage or garlic. Ethanethiol is commonly used as an odorant for natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to aid in leak detection.
Properties
Ethanethiol is a thiol, which is a type of organic compound that contains a sulfhydryl group (-SH). It has a molecular weight of 62.13 g/mol and a density of 0.839 g/cm³. The compound has a boiling point of 35°C and a melting point of -148.5°C. It is slightly soluble in water and has a vapor pressure of 570 mmHg at 20°C.
Production
Ethanethiol can be produced by several methods, including the reaction of ethanol with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of an acid catalyst. Another method involves the reaction of ethyl chloride with sodium hydrosulfide.
Uses
The primary use of ethanethiol is as an odorant for natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Because natural gas and LPG are odorless, ethanethiol is added to these gases to provide a detectable odor, which helps in identifying gas leaks. Ethanethiol is also used in the chemical industry as a building block for the synthesis of other compounds.
Safety
Ethanethiol is highly flammable and poses a risk of fire and explosion. It has a flash point of -45°C and an autoignition temperature of 295°C. The compound is also toxic if ingested, with an LD50 of 682 mg/kg in rats. Proper handling and storage are essential to ensure safety when working with ethanethiol.
See also
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
