Escalator

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Lascar O Cristo Redentor (Christ the Redeemer) - One of the New Seven Wonders of the World (4551129529)

Illustration of revolving stairs (U.S. Patent 25,076 issued to Nathan Ames, 9 August 1859)

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Escalator is a type of vertical transportation in the form of a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building. It consists of a motor-driven chain of individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair of tracks, keeping the treads in a horizontal position to the ground while moving. Escalators are used around the world in places where lifts would be impractical, particularly in high traffic areas such as shopping malls, airports, and subway stations.

History

The concept of the escalator has been attributed to Nathan Ames, who patented a design in 1859, although no practical version was built. The first operational escalator, termed as an "inclined elevator", was patented by Jesse W. Reno in 1892. Shortly after, in 1896, Charles Seeberger redesigned Reno's invention and partnered with the Otis Elevator Company to produce the first commercial escalator which was installed at the Otis Elevator Company in Yonkers, New York. The term "escalator" originated from the Latin word scala, meaning steps, and the word elevator, already in use for the vertical lifting devices.

Design and Operation

An escalator is designed to transport large numbers of people quickly and safely. The components of an escalator include steps, tracks, handrails, and motors. The steps are linked together and move on a pair of rotating chains. They are designed to keep the steps horizontal for passenger safety. The handrail provides stability for passengers and moves in sync with the steps. Escalators can move one way or be reversible, depending on the specific requirements of the installation site.

Safety and Regulations

Safety is a critical aspect of escalator design and operation. Escalators are equipped with multiple safety features, including emergency stop buttons, directional signs, and foot brushes. Regular maintenance and inspection are required to ensure the safe operation of escalators. Various international standards and regulations, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) A17.1 code in the United States, govern the design, construction, installation, and maintenance of escalators.

Environmental Impact

Escalators consume energy, contributing to the environmental impact of buildings. Efforts to reduce this impact include the use of energy-efficient motors, regenerative drives, and LED lighting. Some escalators are designed to operate only when needed, using sensors to detect the presence of passengers.

Cultural Impact

Escalators have had a significant cultural impact, symbolizing modernity and the pace of urban life. They have been featured in numerous films, artworks, and literature, often representing technological progress or the mechanization of society.

See Also

• Elevator
• Moving walkway
• Staircase

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