Epigenome
Epigenome
The Epigenome (/ɛpɪˈdʒiːnoʊm/; from Greek epi "over, outside of, around" and genome) refers to the complete set of chemical modifications to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism. These modifications can be inherited and have the capacity to regulate gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
Etymology
The term "Epigenome" is derived from the Greek words "epi" meaning "over, outside of, around" and "genome" which refers to the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
Function
The Epigenome plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. It can turn genes on or off, controlling the production of proteins in particular cells. This ensures that only necessary proteins are produced in specific types of cells, contributing to the maintenance of normal functions within the body.
Related Terms
- Epigenetics: The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
- DNA Methylation: A biochemical process that plays a crucial role in the development of nearly all types of cancer.
- Histone Modification: A covalent post-translational modification to histone proteins which includes methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, and sumoylation.
- Gene Expression: The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Epigenome
- Wikipedia's article - Epigenome
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