Epichlorohydrin

Epichlorohydrin (IUPAC name: 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane) is an organic compound with the formula C3H5ClO. This colorless liquid has a pungent, garlic-like odor and is a significant industrial chemical, primarily used in the production of epoxy resins, which are used in a wide range of applications including coatings, adhesives, and the reinforcement of materials.

Production

Epichlorohydrin is produced via several methods. The most common industrial route is the chlorohydrination of allyl chloride to yield epichlorohydrin. This process involves the reaction of allyl chloride with hypochlorous acid, which can be generated in situ by the reaction of chlorine with water. Another method involves the epoxidation of allyl chloride using peracetic acid.

Uses

The primary use of epichlorohydrin is in the production of epoxy resins. These resins are highly valued for their strong adhesive properties, chemical resistance, and durability. Epoxy resins are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries, in the manufacture of protective coatings, and in the construction industry for bonding concrete.

In addition to epoxy resin production, epichlorohydrin is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of glycerol, pharmaceuticals, and as a solvent for paints and varnishes. It also finds application in the paper and textile industries as a wet-strength resin.

Health and Safety

Exposure to epichlorohydrin can occur through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. It is considered a potential carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and has been shown to cause various health issues in animal studies, including respiratory problems and damage to the kidneys and liver. Proper safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), are essential when handling epichlorohydrin.

Environmental Impact

Epichlorohydrin is toxic to aquatic life and can cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. It is important to prevent releases into the environment and to treat industrial effluents containing epichlorohydrin before discharge.

Regulation

Due to its health and environmental risks, the production, use, and disposal of epichlorohydrin are regulated under various international and national laws. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates epichlorohydrin under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Clean Air Act.

See Also

• Epoxy
• Allyl chloride
• Organic chemistry
• Industrial chemistry

References

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Epichlorohydrin

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  Epichlorohydrin chemical structure

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  Epichlorohydrin manufacture step 1

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  Epichlorohydrin manufacture step 2

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  GTE Process for Epichlorohydrin