Alveolar macrophage

Alveolar macrophages are a type of macrophage found in the alveoli of the lungs. They are part of the immune system and play a crucial role in the defense against respiratory tract infections.

Function

Alveolar macrophages are responsible for the removal of particles and pathogens that have reached the alveoli. They achieve this through a process known as phagocytosis, where they engulf and digest the foreign material. This includes bacteria, viruses, dust particles, and dead cells.

In addition to their role in phagocytosis, alveolar macrophages also contribute to the regulation of the immune response in the lungs. They produce a variety of cytokines and chemokines, which help to recruit and activate other immune cells.

Role in Disease

Alveolar macrophages are implicated in a number of lung diseases. In pneumonia, they are crucial for the clearance of the causative bacteria. However, in diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, they can contribute to inflammation and tissue damage.

In tuberculosis, alveolar macrophages are the primary cells infected by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The bacteria are able to survive and replicate within the macrophages, leading to the spread of the infection.

Research

Research into alveolar macrophages is ongoing, with a focus on understanding their role in lung diseases and exploring potential therapeutic targets. For example, strategies to enhance the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages are being investigated for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.

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• Alveolar_macrophage
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  Pulmonary haemorrhage at very high magnification

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  Histopathology of anthracotic macrophage in lung, annotated

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  Histopathology of a smoker's macrophage

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  Histopathology of siderophage in chronic pulmonary congestion

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  Histopathology of smoker's macrophages with anthracotic stippling

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  Carbon laden macrophages in lung, H&E 100X

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  Macrophage in the alveolus Lung - TEM