Douro

River in the Iberian Peninsula

The Douro (Template:IPA-es; Template:IPA-pt) is one of the major rivers of the Iberian Peninsula. It flows from its source near Duruelo de la Sierra in Soria Province, Spain, across northern Portugal to its outlet at Porto.

Geography

The Douro River flowing through Portugal

The Douro River is approximately 897 kilometers (557 miles) long, making it the third longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. It originates in the Sierra de Urbión in Spain and flows westward across the Meseta Central, a high plateau in central Spain. The river then enters Portugal, where it traverses the Douro Valley, a region renowned for its wine production, particularly Port wine.

Course

The Douro River begins its journey in the Sierra de Urbión and flows through several Spanish provinces, including Soria, Burgos, Valladolid, and Zamora. In Spain, the river is known as the Duero. It passes through the city of Zamora, where it is a significant geographical feature.

The Douro River as it passes through Zamora, Spain

Upon entering Portugal, the river flows through the Trás-os-Montes and Douro Litoral regions. The Douro Valley is characterized by steep, terraced vineyards that produce the grapes used in Port wine. The river finally reaches the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Porto, where it forms a natural border between the city and Vila Nova de Gaia.

Hydrology

The Douro River has a significant hydrological impact on the regions it traverses. It is fed by numerous tributaries, including the Pisuerga, Esla, and Tormes rivers. The river's flow is regulated by several dams and reservoirs, which are used for hydroelectric power generation and irrigation.

The Pisuerga River, a tributary of the Douro, in Valladolid

Economic Importance

The Douro River is vital to the economy of the regions it flows through. In Spain, it supports agriculture and provides water for irrigation. In Portugal, the river is central to the Port wine industry, with the Douro Valley being a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its cultural landscape.

The Douro River as it flows through Porto, Portugal

Navigation

The Douro River is navigable from the Atlantic Ocean to the town of Barca d'Alva, near the Spanish border. The river is used for both commercial and recreational navigation, with cruise ships and cargo vessels frequently traveling its waters.

Ecology

The Douro River basin is home to diverse flora and fauna. The river supports various fish species, including the Iberian barbel and the European eel. The surrounding landscapes are rich in biodiversity, with numerous protected areas and natural parks.

Cultural Significance

The Douro River has played a significant role in the cultural and historical development of the Iberian Peninsula. It has been a vital trade route since ancient times and continues to be a symbol of the regions it flows through.

Related pages

• Port wine
• Douro Valley
• Porto
• Vila Nova de Gaia