Dna fingerprinting

DNA Fingerprinting

DNA Fingerprinting (pronunciation: /diː.eɪ. ˈfɪŋɡərˌprɪntɪŋ/), also known as DNA profiling or genetic fingerprinting, is a method used by forensic scientists to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA.

Etymology

The term "DNA fingerprinting" was first coined by the British geneticist Alec Jeffreys in 1985. The term is a metaphor, with the unique sequence of DNA fragments in each individual's genetic code compared to the unique patterns of ridges and lines in a human fingerprint.

Process

The process of DNA fingerprinting begins with the extraction of DNA from a sample of cells, such as blood or hair. The DNA is then cut into fragments using restriction enzymes. These fragments are separated by size using a process called gel electrophoresis. The resulting pattern of bands, or "DNA fingerprint," is unique to each individual.

Applications

DNA fingerprinting has a wide range of applications. It is most commonly used in forensic science to identify suspects in criminal investigations. It can also be used in paternity testing to determine biological parentage, and in genetic genealogy to trace ancestry. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is used in conservation biology to track genetic diversity in endangered species.

Related Terms

• Genetic marker
• Polymerase chain reaction
• Short tandem repeat
• Variable number tandem repeat

See Also

• Genomics
• Molecular biology
• Genetic testing

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Dna fingerprinting
• Wikipedia's article - Dna fingerprinting

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