Diterpenes

Diterpenes (pronunciation: /daɪˈtɜːrpiːn/) are a class of chemical compounds composed of two terpene units with the molecular formula C20H32; they may also be thought of as consisting of four isoprene units. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate.

Etymology

The term "Diterpene" is derived from the Greek words "di" meaning two and "terpene" referring to the class of hydrocarbons from which it is derived.

Types of Diterpenes

Diterpenes can be classified into various types based on their structure. Some of the common types include:

• Clerodane
• Labdane
• Abietane
• Pimarane
• Kaurane
• Cassane
• Rosane

Biological Significance

Diterpenes play a crucial role in the biological processes of various organisms. They are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, and also serve as defense compounds against herbivores and pathogens. In humans, diterpenes such as Forskolin and Taxol have been used for their medicinal properties.

Related Terms

• Terpenes
• Monoterpenes
• Sesquiterpenes
• Triterpenes
• Tetraterpenes

See Also

• Phytochemistry
• Natural product
• Secondary metabolite

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