Demyelination

Demyelination

Demyelination (/ˌdɛmaɪəlɪˈneɪʃən/) is a pathological process characterized by the damage to the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Etymology

The term "demyelination" is derived from the Greek prefix de- meaning "removal" or "loss", and myelin, the fatty substance that forms a protective covering around nerve fibers.

Definition

Demyelination is the process of damage or destruction to the myelin sheath, a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers. This damage disrupts the normal flow of electrical impulses along the nerves, leading to a range of neurological symptoms.

Causes

Demyelination can be caused by various diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO), and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). It can also occur as a result of certain infections, such as Lyme disease, or exposure to toxic substances.

Symptoms

Symptoms of demyelination can vary widely, depending on the location and extent of the damage. They may include weakness, numbness, pain, and problems with coordination and balance. In severe cases, demyelination can lead to paralysis or blindness.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of demyelination typically involves a combination of clinical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electromyography (EMG).

Treatment

Treatment for demyelination depends on the underlying cause. It may involve medications to manage symptoms, physical therapy to improve function, and in some cases, treatments to slow the progression of the disease.

Related Terms

• Myelin
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Neuromyelitis Optica
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome
• Lyme disease
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Electromyography

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Demyelination
• Wikipedia's article - Demyelination

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