Demyelinating disorder
Demyelinating Disorder
Demyelinating disorder (/dɪˈmaɪəˌleɪtɪŋ dɪsˈɔːdər/) refers to any condition that results in damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in your brain, optic nerves and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems.
Etymology
The term "demyelinating" is derived from the Greek words "dē-" meaning "removal" and "myelos" meaning "marrow". It refers to the process of stripping away the myelin sheath from the nerve fibers.
Types of Demyelinating Disorders
There are several types of demyelinating disorders, including:
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): This is the most common type of demyelinating disorder. It affects the brain and spinal cord.
- Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO): This is a rare condition that affects the optic nerves and spinal cord.
- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): This is a brief but widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord that damages myelin.
- Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP): This disorder presents with symptoms that increase in severity over two months or longer.
Symptoms
Symptoms of demyelinating disorders can vary greatly depending on the type of disorder and the location of the demyelination. Common symptoms may include:
- Difficulty with coordination and balance (ataxia)
- Problems with cognition (cognitive dysfunction)
- Fatigue
- Weakness or numbness
- Problems with bowel and bladder function
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of demyelinating disorders typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), lumbar puncture, and nerve conduction studies.
Treatment
Treatment for demyelinating disorders depends on the specific disorder and the severity of symptoms. It may include medications to control symptoms, physical therapy to manage symptoms, and in some cases, medications to slow the progression of the disease.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Demyelinating disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Demyelinating disorder
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