Delia platura

Delia platura, Nebo, North Wales, July 2012 (17810923320)

Delia platura, commonly known as the seedcorn maggot, is a species of fly in the family Anthomyiidae. It is a significant agricultural pest, particularly affecting the germination of seeds and the early growth stages of various crops.

Description

The adult Delia platura is a small, grayish fly, approximately 5 mm in length. It resembles the common housefly but is smaller and more slender. The larvae, or maggots, are white, legless, and about 6-8 mm long when fully grown.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Delia platura includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Females lay eggs in the soil, often near decaying organic matter or germinating seeds. The eggs hatch into larvae, which feed on the seeds and young plants. After feeding, the larvae pupate in the soil. The pupal stage lasts for about 7-14 days, after which adult flies emerge. There can be multiple generations per year, especially in warmer climates.

Habitat and Distribution

Delia platura is found in temperate regions worldwide. It thrives in moist soil conditions, particularly in areas with abundant organic matter. The species is commonly found in agricultural fields, gardens, and areas with decaying plant material.

Economic Impact

The seedcorn maggot is a major pest in agriculture, causing significant damage to a variety of crops, including corn, soybeans, beans, and cabbage. The larvae feed on the seeds and seedlings, leading to poor germination, stunted growth, and reduced crop yields. Infestations are particularly problematic in cool, wet springs when seed germination is slow.

Management and Control

Effective management of Delia platura involves a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical control methods:

• Cultural Control: Practices such as crop rotation, proper seedbed preparation, and planting at optimal soil temperatures can reduce the risk of infestation.
• Biological Control: Natural predators and parasitoids can help control seedcorn maggot populations.
• Chemical Control: Insecticidal seed treatments and soil applications can protect seeds and seedlings from maggot damage.

Research and Studies

Ongoing research aims to develop more effective and sustainable management strategies for Delia platura. Studies focus on understanding the pest's biology, behavior, and interactions with crops and natural enemies.

See Also

• Agricultural pest
• Integrated pest management
• Crop rotation
• Insecticide