Osteopenia

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Osteopenia
Synonyms	Low bone density
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bone pain, increased risk of fractures
Complications	Osteoporosis, increased risk of bone fractures
Onset	Typically adulthood
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Aging, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, sedentary lifestyle
Risks	Female gender, family history, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption
Diagnosis	Bone density test (DEXA scan)
Differential diagnosis	Osteoporosis, osteomalacia
Prevention	Calcium and vitamin D supplementation, weight-bearing exercise
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, can progress to osteoporosis if untreated
Frequency	Common, especially in older adults
Deaths	N/A

Osteopenia is a condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, but not to the extent of osteoporosis. It is considered by many doctors to be a precursor to osteoporosis. However, not every person diagnosed with osteopenia will develop osteoporosis. More specifically, osteopenia refers to a bone density that is less than normal peak density but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis.

Causes

Osteopenia often occurs as a result of normal aging. As people age, their bodies reabsorb old bone faster than new bone can be produced. As this occurs, the bones lose minerals, heaviness (mass), and structure, making them weaker. This process can lead to osteopenia and, if not treated, can progress to osteoporosis.

Diagnosis

Osteopenia is diagnosed with a bone mineral density test, which is the most accurate predictor of an individual's risk for fractures. This test uses X-rays to measure how many grams of calcium and other bone minerals are packed into a segment of bone.

Treatment

Treatment for osteopenia may include lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, and in some cases medication. The goal of treatment is to prevent osteoporosis and reduce the risk of fractures.

Gallery

• 
  Age and Bone Mass
• 
  DEXA scanner in use

See also

• Bone density
• Osteoporosis
• Bone mineral density