DNA microarrays
DNA Microarrays
DNA microarrays, also known as DNA chips or biochips, are a type of biotechnology used to study the expression of thousands of genes at once.
Pronunciation
DNA microarrays: /diː.eɪn.eɪ maɪ.kroʊ.əˈreɪz/
Etymology
The term "DNA microarray" is derived from the Greek word "mikros" meaning small and "array" from the Old French "areer" meaning to put in order. The term refers to the small, ordered arrangement of DNA samples on the chip.
Definition
A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots, commonly representing single genes, arrayed on a solid surface by covalent attachment. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.
Related Terms
- Gene Expression: The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product.
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Biotechnology: The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.
- DNA Chip: Another term for DNA microarray.
- Biochip: A miniaturized laboratory that can perform hundreds or thousands of simultaneous biochemical reactions.
Applications
DNA microarrays have many applications in biology and medicine, including genomics, diagnostics, drug discovery, tumor profiling, and personalized medicine. They can also be used to study the effects of environmental factors on gene expression.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA microarrays
- Wikipedia's article - DNA microarrays
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