DNA Microarray
DNA Microarray
DNA Microarray (pronunciation: /diː.eɪn.ə ˈmaɪ.kroʊ.əˌreɪ/), also known as DNA chip or Biochip, is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.
Etymology
The term "DNA Microarray" comes from the microscale size of the array and the use of DNA molecules. The term "array" is used in science to describe a large series of similar things, such as an array of data. In this case, the array is a collection of DNA spots.
Function
Each DNA spot contains picomoles (10−12 moles) of a specific DNA sequence, known as probes. These can be a short section of a gene or other DNA element that are used to hybridize a cDNA or cRNA sample (called target) under high-stringency conditions. Probe-target hybridization is usually detected and quantified by detection of fluorophore, silver, or chemiluminescence labeled targets to determine relative abundance of nucleic acid sequences in the target.
Types
There are different types of DNA microarrays including Oligonucleotide microarray, Affymetrix (commercial brand), and cDNA microarray. The difference among these types is primarily in the method of fabrication.
Applications
DNA microarrays are used in various applications such as gene expression profiling, detection of mutations in genes, Genotyping, and comparative genomic hybridization.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA Microarray
- Wikipedia's article - DNA Microarray
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