DNA-binding protein
DNA-binding protein
DNA-binding proteins are a type of protein that have the ability to bind to DNA molecules. These proteins play a crucial role in various biological functions such as DNA replication, DNA repair, genetic recombination, and gene expression.
Pronunciation
DNA-binding protein: /ˌdiːˌenˈeɪ ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˈproʊtiːn/
Etymology
The term "DNA-binding protein" is derived from the English words "DNA" (an abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid), "binding" (from the verb "to bind"), and "protein".
Related Terms
- Transcription factor: A type of DNA-binding protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.
- Repressor: A DNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers.
- Activator: A protein that increases gene transcription of a gene or set of genes.
- Nucleotide: The basic building block of DNA and RNA.
- Gene expression: The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
Function
DNA-binding proteins interact with DNA in a specific or non-specific manner. These proteins can bind to single or double-stranded DNA and they have important roles in DNA replication, repair, storage, and regulation of gene expression. Some DNA-binding proteins can also modify the DNA structure, thereby regulating the accessibility of the DNA to other proteins and enzymes within the cell.
Types
There are several types of DNA-binding proteins, including histones, transcription factors, helicases, and topoisomerases. Each of these proteins has a unique function and mechanism of action.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA-binding protein
- Wikipedia's article - DNA-binding protein
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