DMSA scan

Overview of DMSA scan in medical diagnostics

DMSA Scan

A DMSA scan is a type of nuclear medicine imaging test that evaluates the structure and function of the kidneys. It is particularly useful in assessing renal cortical scarring and differential renal function. The scan uses a radioactive tracer, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), which is injected into the bloodstream and taken up by the renal cortex.

Procedure

The procedure for a DMSA scan involves the intravenous injection of the DMSA tracer. After the injection, there is a waiting period, usually 2 to 4 hours, to allow the tracer to be absorbed by the kidney tissue. The patient then undergoes imaging with a gamma camera, which detects the gamma radiation emitted by the tracer.

Clinical Applications

DMSA scans are primarily used to:

• Detect renal cortical scarring, often due to pyelonephritis or urinary tract infections.
• Assess differential renal function, which is important in conditions such as vesicoureteral reflux and obstructive uropathy.
• Evaluate renal masses or anomalies.

Interpretation

The images obtained from a DMSA scan provide information about the size, shape, and position of the kidneys, as well as the presence of any scarring or defects. Areas of decreased uptake may indicate scarring or damage to the renal cortex.

DMSA Scan While on Enalapril

In some cases, a DMSA scan may be performed while the patient is on enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. This can help assess the impact of the medication on renal function, particularly in patients with renal artery stenosis.

DMSA scan performed while the patient is on enalapril, showing altered renal uptake.

Advantages and Limitations

The DMSA scan is highly sensitive for detecting renal cortical abnormalities and provides detailed anatomical information. However, it involves exposure to ionizing radiation, and the availability of the test may be limited in some regions.

Related pages

• Nuclear medicine
• Renal function
• Pyelonephritis
• Vesicoureteral reflux
• Renal artery stenosis