Cystein
Cysteine
Cysteine (pronounced: sis-teen) is a semi-essential amino acid that is structurally characterized by its thiol side chain, which often participates in enzymatic reactions and protein conformational structures.
Etymology
The term "Cysteine" comes from the Greek word "kystis," meaning bladder. It was so named because it was first isolated from urinary stones in the 19th century.
Function
Cysteine plays a crucial role in the protein structure, stability, and function. It is involved in the formation of disulfide bonds, which are essential for the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Cysteine is also a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione, which protects cells from damage by reactive oxygen species.
Dietary Sources
Cysteine is found in most high-protein foods, including meat, dairy products, eggs, and some grains and legumes. It can also be synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid methionine.
Health Implications
Cysteine has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its role in detoxification, immune function, and cardiovascular health. However, excessive intake of cysteine can lead to cystinuria, a condition characterized by the abnormal excretion of cystine in the urine, leading to the formation of kidney stones.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cystein
- Wikipedia's article - Cystein
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