Coracohumeral ligament

Illustration of the coracohumeral ligament

The coracohumeral ligament is a broad ligament of the shoulder joint that plays a crucial role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint. It is one of the key structures that help maintain the integrity of the shoulder, preventing excessive movement and dislocation.

Anatomy

The coracohumeral ligament originates from the lateral border of the coracoid process of the scapula. It extends laterally and inferiorly to insert into the greater tubercle of the humerus. The ligament is composed of two distinct bands: the anterior and posterior bands, which blend with the joint capsule of the shoulder.

Structure

The ligament is primarily composed of dense regular connective tissue, which provides it with the tensile strength necessary to withstand the forces acting on the shoulder joint. The anterior band of the coracohumeral ligament is thicker and stronger than the posterior band.

Relations

The coracohumeral ligament is closely associated with the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons, which are part of the rotator cuff. It also lies in proximity to the biceps brachii tendon, which passes through the bicipital groove of the humerus.

Function

The primary function of the coracohumeral ligament is to stabilize the shoulder joint by limiting external rotation and inferior translation of the humeral head. It acts as a passive restraint, particularly when the arm is in a neutral or adducted position.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the coracohumeral ligament can occur due to trauma or overuse, leading to shoulder instability or pain. Conditions such as frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) may involve thickening or contracture of the coracohumeral ligament, contributing to restricted shoulder movement.

Related Pages

• Glenohumeral joint
• Rotator cuff
• Shoulder joint
• Scapula
• Humerus