Conjoined twins
Conjoined twins (pronunciation: /kənˈdʒɔɪnd twɪnz/) are identical twins joined in utero. An extremely rare phenomenon, the occurrence is estimated to range from 1 in 49,000 births to 1 in 189,000 births, with a somewhat higher incidence in Southwest Asia and Africa. Approximately half are stillborn, and an additional one-third die within 24 hours. Most live births are female, with a ratio of 3:1.
Etymology
The term "conjoined twins" comes from the Latin con meaning "together" and iungere meaning "to join". The term was first used in the 19th century, replacing the previously used term "Siamese twins" which originated from the famous conjoined twins Chang and Eng Bunker from Siam (now Thailand).
Types of Conjoined Twins
There are several types of conjoined twins, classified by the point at which their bodies are joined. The most common types include:
- Thoracopagus: These twins are joined at the chest and may share a heart.
- Omphalopagus: These twins are joined near the bellybutton and may share a liver.
- Craniopagus: These twins are joined at the head and may share brain tissue.
- Pygopagus: These twins are joined at the buttocks and may share the lower digestive tract.
Medical Considerations
The survival rate of conjoined twins is between 5% and 25%. For some forms of conjoined twinning, successful surgical separation is possible. The decision to attempt surgical separation is based on ethical considerations and the likelihood of successful outcome, taking into account factors such as shared organs and the twins' desires.
Related Terms
- Monozygotic Twins: Twins who are genetically identical, often referred to as identical twins. Conjoined twins are a type of monozygotic twins.
- Parasitic Twins: A type of conjoined twins where one twin is smaller, less formed, and is dependent on the larger, more developed twin.
- Fetus in Fetu: A condition where a malformed and parasitic fetus is located inside the body of its twin.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Conjoined twins
- Wikipedia's article - Conjoined twins
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