Cold injury

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Cold injury
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Numbness, tingling, pain, blisters, necrosis
Complications	Infection, gangrene, amputation
Onset	Exposure to cold temperatures
Duration	Varies depending on severity
Types	Frostbite, frostnip, trench foot, chilblains
Causes	Prolonged exposure to cold, wet conditions, wind chill
Risks	Hypothermia, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, alcohol use
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	Appropriate clothing, limiting exposure, staying dry
Treatment	Rewarming, pain management, wound care, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on severity and promptness of treatment
Frequency	Common in cold climates
Deaths	N/A

Cold injury refers to damage to skin and underlying tissues caused by extreme cold. It is not to be confused with hypothermia, which is a condition that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat.

Types of Cold Injury

There are several types of cold injury, including:

• Frostbite: This is the most common type of cold injury. It occurs when the skin and underlying tissues freeze. The most susceptible parts of the body are the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks, and chin.
• Frostnip: This is a mild form of frostbite. It usually affects the face, ears, or fingertips.
• Chilblains: These are the painful inflammation of small blood vessels in your skin that occur in response to repeated exposure to cold but not freezing air.
• Trench foot: Also known as immersion foot, it occurs from prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions. It can occur at temperatures as high as 60 degrees Fahrenheit if the feet are constantly wet.

Causes

Cold injury is caused by exposure to cold, wet, windy conditions. It can occur at any temperature below freezing. The risk of cold injury is increased in people with reduced blood circulation and among people who are not dressed properly for the weather conditions.

Prevention

Prevention of cold injury involves proper preparation for cold weather, including wearing appropriate clothing and ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration.

Treatment

Treatment for cold injuries primarily involves rewarming the affected areas. In severe cases, it may require hospitalization and even amputation.

Cold_injury gallery

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  Frostbitten hands
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  Human hand bones
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  Trench foot
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  Trench feet
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  Prevent trench foot
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  Foot inspection during WW1

See Also

• Hypothermia
• Frostbite
• Chilblains
• Trench foot