Clonus
Clonus
Clonus (/ˈkloʊnəs/; from the Greek klónos, meaning "violent, confused motion") is a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and relaxations. Clonus is a sign of certain neurological conditions, particularly associated with upper motor neuron lesions such as in stroke, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord damage.
Causes
Clonus is typically caused by disruption of the neural circuitry that controls muscle contraction and relaxation. This can occur due to a variety of conditions, including:
- Stroke
- Multiple sclerosis
- Spinal cord injury
- Hypoxic brain damage
- Certain metabolic disorders
- Neonatal hypoglycemia
Symptoms
The primary symptom of clonus is the involuntary and rhythmic shaking of muscle groups, most commonly the ankle, knee, or wrist. The frequency and severity of these contractions can vary widely between individuals and depending on the underlying cause.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of clonus is typically made through a physical examination, during which a healthcare provider will stretch the affected muscle groups to induce the characteristic rhythmic contractions. Additional diagnostic tests, such as MRI or CT scan, may be used to identify the underlying cause.
Treatment
Treatment for clonus primarily involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include medications to manage symptoms, physical therapy to improve muscle control, or surgery in severe cases. Medications used may include Baclofen, Diazepam, or Dantrolene.
Prognosis
The prognosis for clonus depends largely on the underlying cause. In some cases, clonus may be a temporary condition that resolves with treatment. In other cases, it may be a chronic condition that requires ongoing management.
See also
References
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Clonus
- Wikipedia's article - Clonus
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