Claude Bernard

French physiologist and founder of experimental medicine

Claude Bernard (12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist, widely regarded as one of the founders of modern physiology and experimental medicine. His pioneering work laid the foundation for the scientific method in medicine and biology.

Early Life and Education

Claude Bernard was born in Saint-Julien, a small village in the Rhône department of France. He initially pursued a career in the arts, writing a comedy and a vaudeville libretto. However, he soon turned to the study of medicine, enrolling at the University of Paris in 1834.

Career and Contributions

Bernard's career in physiology began under the mentorship of François Magendie, a prominent physiologist of the time. Bernard's work was characterized by rigorous experimentation and a commitment to the scientific method.

Milieu Intérieur

One of Bernard's most significant contributions was the concept of the "milieu intérieur" or "internal environment," which refers to the stable conditions maintained within the body despite external changes. This concept is a precursor to the modern understanding of homeostasis.

Glycogen and the Liver

Bernard discovered that the liver is responsible for the production of glycogen, a form of stored glucose. This finding was crucial in understanding the role of the liver in metabolism and glucose regulation.

Vasomotor System

Bernard also conducted experiments on the vasomotor system, demonstrating the role of the nervous system in regulating blood vessel diameter and blood pressure.

Legacy

Claude Bernard's work established the principles of experimental physiology and influenced generations of scientists. His emphasis on controlled experiments and the scientific method transformed the study of medicine and biology.

Related Pages

• Homeostasis
• Physiology
• Experimental medicine
• François Magendie