Chronic tic disorder

Chronic Tic Disorder

Chronic tic disorder (pronunciation: /ˈkrɒnɪk tɪk dɪsˈɔːdər/) is a neurological condition characterized by the presence of tics that persist for more than a year.

Etymology

The term "tic" is derived from the French word "tique," which means "spasm." The term "chronic" comes from the Greek word "chronos," meaning "time." Thus, a chronic tic disorder refers to a condition where spasms or involuntary movements or sounds persist over a long period of time.

Definition

A Tic is a sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization. In the context of Chronic Tic Disorder, these tics have been present for more than a year. The tics may be motor (movement) or vocal (sound) and are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition.

Types

There are two types of Chronic Tic Disorder:

Chronic motor tic disorder: This involves motor tics only.
Chronic vocal tic disorder: This involves vocal tics only.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Chronic Tic Disorder include:

Frequent, uncontrollable motor tics or vocal tics
Tics that persist for more than a year
Tics that began before the age of 18

Causes

The exact cause of Chronic Tic Disorder is unknown. However, it is believed to be linked to certain genetic and environmental factors. It is also associated with certain neurological conditions such as Tourette syndrome and Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Treatment

Treatment for Chronic Tic Disorder often involves a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and supportive therapies. Medications such as Neuroleptics and Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists are often used. Behavioral therapies such as Habit Reversal Training (HRT) and Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) are also effective.

Chronic tic disorder

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