Chemical burns
Chemical Burns
Chemical burns (/ˈkɛmɪkəl bɜːrnz/) are a type of burn that can occur when a person's skin or eyes come into contact with an irritant or corrosive substance. These burns can be caused by a variety of substances, including acids, alkalis, and some types of cleaning products.
Etymology
The term "chemical burn" is derived from the English words "chemical", referring to a substance produced or used in a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules, and "burn", which refers to an injury caused by heat or flame.
Causes
Chemical burns can be caused by a variety of substances, including but not limited to:
- Acids: These substances have a low pH and can cause serious burns. Examples include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid.
- Alkalis: These substances have a high pH and can also cause serious burns. Examples include lye, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide.
- Oxidizing agents: These substances can cause burns by increasing the concentration of oxygen in the skin or eyes. Examples include bleach and chlorine.
- Solvents: These substances can dissolve other substances and can cause burns by dissolving the skin's natural oils. Examples include acetone and turpentine.
Symptoms
Symptoms of chemical burns can vary depending on the substance involved and the duration of exposure. Common symptoms include:
- Pain or burning sensation
- Redness or irritation
- Blistering of the skin
- Vision loss or eye pain if the eyes are affected
Treatment
Treatment for chemical burns typically involves:
- Removing the chemical from the skin or eyes
- Rinsing the affected area with water
- Applying a sterile dressing or bandage
- Seeking medical attention
In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Prevention
Prevention of chemical burns involves proper handling and storage of chemicals, use of appropriate personal protective equipment, and education about the risks of chemical exposure.
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