Central chemoreceptors
Central chemoreceptors
Central chemoreceptors (pronunciation: sen-truhl kee-moh-ree-sep-torz) are specialized neuronal structures located in the medulla oblongata of the brain that are primarily responsible for detecting changes in the pH levels of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They play a crucial role in the regulation of respiration and blood pressure.
Etymology
The term 'central chemoreceptors' is derived from the Latin word 'centrum' meaning 'center', the Greek word 'chemia' meaning 'chemistry', and the Latin word 'receptor' meaning 'receiver'. Thus, the term essentially refers to the 'central receivers of chemical changes'.
Function
Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in the pH levels of the CSF, which is primarily influenced by the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. An increase in the blood CO2 concentration leads to a decrease in the CSF pH, which is detected by the central chemoreceptors. This triggers a response in the respiratory center of the brain, leading to an increase in the rate and depth of respiration to expel the excess CO2 and restore the pH balance.
Related Terms
- Peripheral chemoreceptors: These are located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies, and are sensitive to changes in the blood oxygen concentration, as well as pH and CO2 levels.
- Respiratory center: This is a group of neurons in the medulla oblongata and pons of the brain that regulates the rate and depth of respiration.
- Medulla oblongata: This is the lower part of the brainstem that contains the respiratory center and the central chemoreceptors.
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): This is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord, the pH of which is monitored by the central chemoreceptors.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Central chemoreceptors
- Wikipedia's article - Central chemoreceptors
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