Celtic field

Raatakkers Wekeromse Zand

Celtic fields refer to an ancient system of agriculture practiced by the Celtic people during the Iron Age and into the Roman period in Europe. These fields are characterized by their small, rectangular or sometimes irregularly shaped plots, surrounded by low earthworks, known as lynchets, which are formed by the accumulation of soil over long periods of agricultural use. Celtic fields are one of the earliest forms of landscape modification in Europe, providing valuable insights into prehistoric farming practices, land division, and the social organization of Celtic communities.

Characteristics

Celtic fields, also known as "ancient field systems," were typically less than a hectare in size and were used for growing a variety of crops, including barley, wheat, and legumes, as well as for pastoral farming. The surrounding earthworks served multiple purposes: they marked property boundaries, protected the crops from wind and erosion, and helped in managing water flow. The fields were often part of a larger, communal agricultural system, which included shared grazing lands and water resources.

Distribution

The distribution of Celtic fields is widespread across Europe, with significant concentrations found in the British Isles, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. These fields are identified through archaeological surveys, aerial photography, and more recently, LiDAR scans, which have revealed extensive networks of these ancient fields, often hidden under later agricultural developments or natural vegetation.

Archaeological Significance

Celtic fields are of great archaeological interest because they provide evidence of early agricultural practices and land management strategies. The study of these fields, through excavation and analysis of pollen and seeds, offers insights into the diet, economy, and environment of the Celtic people. Additionally, the layout and organization of the fields can reflect social structures and property ownership within ancient communities.

Conservation

Many Celtic field systems are threatened by modern agricultural practices, urban development, and natural erosion. Efforts to conserve these ancient landscapes involve mapping and documenting the sites, legal protection, and in some cases, restoration. Conservation of Celtic fields not only preserves an important part of Europe's heritage but also contributes to the understanding of ancient agricultural practices and their relevance to sustainable farming today.

See Also

• Iron Age Europe
• Agriculture in ancient history
• Historical landscape
• Archaeological survey