Calophyllum inophyllum

Species of tropical flowering plant

Calophyllum inophyllum, commonly known as the Alexandrian laurel, is a large evergreen tree native to the tropical regions of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. It is known for its glossy, dark green leaves and fragrant white flowers. The tree is valued for its timber and the oil extracted from its seeds, known as tamanu oil.

Description

Calophyllum inophyllum at Singapore Botanic Gardens

Calophyllum inophyllum is a medium to large-sized tree, reaching heights of 8 to 20 meters. The trunk is typically thick and can be buttressed at the base. The bark is greyish-brown and smooth, becoming rough and fissured with age.

The leaves are simple, opposite, and leathery, with a glossy dark green upper surface and a paler underside. They are elliptic to oblong in shape, measuring 10 to 20 cm in length and 5 to 10 cm in width.

The flowers are white, fragrant, and arranged in axillary racemes. Each flower is about 2.5 cm in diameter, with four sepals and four petals.

The fruit is a round drupe, about 2 to 4 cm in diameter, containing a single large seed. The fruit turns from green to yellow as it ripens.

Distribution and Habitat

Calophyllum inophyllum is native to coastal regions of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including East Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It thrives in sandy and rocky coastal areas, often forming dense stands along beaches and estuaries.

Uses

Calophyllum inophyllum tree with fruits

The wood of Calophyllum inophyllum is highly valued for its durability and resistance to termites, making it suitable for construction, boat building, and furniture.

The seeds of the tree yield tamanu oil, which is used in traditional medicine and cosmetics. Tamanu oil is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.

Cultural Significance

In many cultures, Calophyllum inophyllum is considered a sacred tree. It is often planted around temples and used in religious ceremonies. The tree is also associated with various myths and legends in the regions where it grows.

Conservation

While Calophyllum inophyllum is not currently listed as threatened, its habitat is under pressure from coastal development and deforestation. Conservation efforts focus on protecting coastal ecosystems and promoting sustainable use of the tree's resources.

Gallery

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  Close-up of Calophyllum inophyllum leaves

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  Calophyllum inophyllum

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  Calophyllum inophyllum in Singapore Botanic Gardens

Related pages

• Calophyllum
• Tamanu oil
• Coastal vegetation