Cadmium poisoning

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Cadmium poisoning
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bone pain, kidney damage
Complications	Chronic kidney disease, osteomalacia, lung cancer
Onset	Acute or chronic
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Cadmium exposure
Risks	Occupational exposure, smoking, contaminated food
Diagnosis	Blood test, urine test, chest X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Lead poisoning, mercury poisoning, arsenic poisoning
Prevention	Avoidance of cadmium exposure, use of protective equipment
Treatment	Chelation therapy, supportive care
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on exposure level and duration
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Cadmium poisoning, also known as cadmium toxicity, is a serious health condition caused by excessive exposure to cadmium, a toxic heavy metal. Cadmium is widely used in various industries, including battery manufacturing, electroplating, and the production of pigments and plastics. This article explores the causes, symptoms, and treatment of cadmium poisoning, as well as preventive measures to minimize the risk of exposure.

Causes

Cadmium poisoning can occur through various routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. The most common sources of cadmium exposure include: 1. Occupational Exposure: Workers in industries such as mining, smelting, and battery manufacturing are at a higher risk of cadmium poisoning due to their direct contact with cadmium-containing materials. 2. Contaminated Food and Water: Cadmium can enter the food chain through contaminated soil, water, and crops. Consuming cadmium-contaminated food, such as rice, shellfish, and certain vegetables, can lead to long-term exposure and accumulation in the body. 3. Cigarette Smoking: Tobacco plants readily absorb cadmium from the soil, and smoking cigarettes exposes individuals to cadmium through both inhalation and ingestion.

Symptoms

The symptoms of cadmium poisoning can vary depending on the level and duration of exposure. Acute exposure to high levels of cadmium can cause severe symptoms, including: - Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain - Diarrhea - Difficulty breathing - Chest pain - Headaches - Dizziness - Weakness and fatigue Long-term exposure to lower levels of cadmium can lead to chronic cadmium poisoning, which may manifest as: - Kidney damage - Bone and joint pain - Respiratory problems - Anemia - Impaired cognitive function - Reproductive disorders

Treatment

The treatment of cadmium poisoning primarily focuses on removing the source of exposure and reducing the cadmium levels in the body. In cases of acute poisoning, immediate medical attention is crucial. Treatment options may include: - Gastric lavage: The stomach is flushed to remove any remaining cadmium. - Chelation therapy: Chelating agents, such as EDTA or dimercaprol, are administered to bind with cadmium and facilitate its excretion from the body. - Supportive care: Symptomatic treatment is provided to manage specific symptoms and complications. For chronic cadmium poisoning, the emphasis is on preventing further exposure and managing the associated health conditions. Regular monitoring of kidney function and bone density is essential for long-term management.

Prevention

Preventing cadmium poisoning involves implementing various measures to minimize exposure. These include: 1. Occupational Safety: Employers should provide adequate protective equipment, ventilation systems, and training to workers handling cadmium-containing materials. 2. Food Safety: Governments and regulatory bodies should enforce strict regulations to monitor cadmium levels in food and water sources. Public awareness campaigns can educate individuals about the potential risks and promote healthy dietary choices. 3. Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking is crucial to reduce cadmium exposure from tobacco products. 4. Environmental Protection: Proper waste management and pollution control measures can help prevent cadmium contamination of soil, water, and air.

See Also

• Heavy metal poisoning
• Occupational health
• Chelation therapy