Brown rat

The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the Norway rat, is one of the most common and widespread rodents in the world. It is a member of the genus Rattus and is often associated with human habitats.

Description

Comparison of Black Rat and Brown Rat

The brown rat is a large murine rodent, typically weighing between 140 to 500 grams. It has a blunt snout, small ears, and a tail that is shorter than its body length. Its fur is coarse and usually brown or grey, with a lighter underside.

Distribution and Habitat

The brown rat is native to northern China and Mongolia, but it has spread worldwide, often living in close association with humans. It thrives in a variety of environments, including urban areas, sewers, and agricultural lands.

Behavior

Brown rats are primarily nocturnal and are known for their intelligence and adaptability. They are excellent swimmers and climbers, which allows them to access a wide range of habitats. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of foods, including grains, fruits, and small animals.

Reproduction

Neonatal rats huddling

Brown rats have a high reproductive rate, with females capable of producing up to 12 litters per year, each containing 6 to 12 young. The young are born blind and hairless but develop rapidly, reaching sexual maturity in about five weeks.

Impact on Humans

NYC Rat in a Flowerbox

Brown rats are considered pests due to their tendency to invade human dwellings and their role in spreading diseases such as leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and rat-bite fever. They can also cause significant damage to crops and stored food.

Research and Use in Science

Preparing for the experiment

Brown rats are widely used in scientific research due to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans. They have been instrumental in studies of genetics, neuroscience, and pharmacology.

Conservation Status

The brown rat is not considered endangered and is listed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Its adaptability and reproductive success ensure its continued survival in a variety of environments.

Related Pages

• Black rat
• Rodent
• Pest control