Pulmonary sequestration

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Pulmonary sequestration
Pulmonary sequestration
Synonyms	Bronchopulmonary sequestration
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Recurrent pneumonia, chronic cough, hemoptysis
Complications	Infection, hemorrhage, heart failure
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Chronic
Types	Intralobar, Extralobar
Causes	Congenital malformation
Risks	None specifically identified
Diagnosis	CT scan, MRI, chest X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchogenic cyst, lung abscess
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgical resection
Medication	Antibiotics for infection
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Pulmonary sequestration

Pulmonary sequestration (PS), also known as lung sequestration, is a medical condition characterized by a piece of tissue that ultimately develops into a mass in the lung. This mass is not a normal part of the lung tissue and does not function as such. It is typically supplied by an abnormal artery that comes directly from the aorta, rather than the pulmonary artery like the rest of the lung.

Etiology

The exact cause of pulmonary sequestration is unknown. It is believed to occur during fetal development when a portion of the lung becomes separated from the rest of the lung tissue. This separated tissue then develops its own blood supply from the aorta or one of its branches.

Classification

Pulmonary sequestration is classified into two types: intralobar sequestration and extralobar sequestration. Intralobar sequestration is more common and occurs within the normal lung tissue, while extralobar sequestration is less common and occurs outside the normal lung tissue.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pulmonary sequestration can vary greatly depending on the size and location of the sequestration. They may include recurrent lung infections, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

Diagnosis

Pulmonary sequestration is typically diagnosed through imaging studies such as CT scan or MRI. These tests can help identify the abnormal tissue and its blood supply.

Treatment

Treatment for pulmonary sequestration typically involves surgical removal of the sequestration. This can often be done through minimally invasive techniques such as VATS.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with pulmonary sequestration is generally good following surgical treatment. However, complications can occur, including recurrent lung infections and pulmonary hypertension.

See also

• Bronchopulmonary sequestration
• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
• Congenital pulmonary airway malformation