Brassinosteroid

Brassinosteroid is a class of polyhydroxysteroids that have been recognized as a sixth class of plant hormones. These steroids are essential for plant growth and development, including cell division, cell elongation, differentiation, and apoptosis. They also play a crucial role in plant responses to various abiotic stresses and pathogen attacks.

History

The first brassinosteroid, brassinolide, was isolated in 1970 from the pollen of Brassica napus, a type of rapeseed. Since then, over 70 brassinosteroids have been isolated from various plant species.

Biosynthesis and Metabolism

Brassinosteroids are synthesized from campesterol, a common sterol in plants. The biosynthesis process involves several steps, including hydroxylation, oxidation, and reduction. The metabolism of brassinosteroids is still not fully understood, but it is known that they are inactivated by glucosylation.

Function

Brassinosteroids regulate a wide range of physiological processes in plants. They promote cell elongation and division, enhance photosynthesis, and help plants resist various stresses. They also interact with other plant hormones, such as auxin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid, to regulate plant growth and development.

Significance in Agriculture

Due to their growth-promoting properties, brassinosteroids have potential applications in agriculture. They can be used to enhance crop yield, improve plant resistance to stresses, and reduce the use of harmful chemical pesticides.

Research

Research on brassinosteroids is a rapidly growing field. Scientists are studying their biosynthesis, metabolism, and function in plants, as well as their potential applications in agriculture and horticulture.

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Brassinosteroid

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  Brassinolide structure
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  Brassinosteroid signal cascade