Bovine ephemeral fever

ONSR.Rha.Fig8.Eph.Fig1.v7.top

3 day sickness (11432523464)

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), also known as three-day sickness, is an infectious disease affecting cattle and water buffalo. The disease is caused by the Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), which belongs to the genus Ephemerovirus within the family Rhabdoviridae.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of BEF include a sudden onset of fever, stiffness, lameness, and muscle tremors. Affected animals may also exhibit nasal discharge, salivation, and a significant drop in milk production. The disease typically lasts for three days, hence the name "three-day sickness," after which most animals recover completely. However, some animals may experience prolonged weakness and secondary complications.

Transmission

BEF is primarily transmitted by insect vectors, particularly mosquitoes and biting midges. The disease is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, where these vectors are abundant. Outbreaks often occur during the wet season when vector populations are at their peak.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of BEF is based on clinical signs and can be confirmed through laboratory tests such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These tests detect the presence of BEFV or antibodies against the virus in the blood of affected animals.

Treatment and Control

There is no specific treatment for BEF. Supportive care, including anti-inflammatory drugs and fluid therapy, can help alleviate symptoms and speed up recovery. Control measures focus on reducing exposure to insect vectors through the use of insecticides, repellents, and vector control programs. Vaccination is also available in some regions and can provide effective protection against the disease.

Economic Impact

BEF can have a significant economic impact on the livestock industry due to decreased milk production, weight loss, and the costs associated with treatment and control measures. Outbreaks can lead to substantial financial losses for farmers and the broader agricultural sector.

Related Pages

• Cattle diseases
• Rhabdoviridae
• Insect vectors
• Livestock management
• Vaccination