Blue field entoptic phenomenon

Visual phenomenon related to the perception of white blood cells in retinal capillaries

Animation illustrating the blue field entoptic phenomenon.

The blue field entoptic phenomenon, also known as the Scheerer phenomenon, is a visual effect that occurs when an individual observes a bright blue field, such as the sky, and perceives small, moving white or light-colored dots. These dots are actually the shadows of white blood cells moving through the capillaries in front of the retina. This phenomenon is a normal part of human vision and is most easily observed against a uniform blue background.

Mechanism

The blue field entoptic phenomenon is caused by the movement of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the capillaries of the retina. The capillaries are so narrow that red blood cells must pass through them in single file. White blood cells, being larger, create a temporary gap in the column of red blood cells as they pass through. This gap allows more light to pass through to the photoreceptors, creating the perception of a bright spot.

The phenomenon is most easily observed when looking at a bright blue sky because the short wavelength of blue light is scattered by the atmosphere, providing a uniform background that enhances the visibility of the moving dots. The dots appear to move in a rapid, random fashion, corresponding to the flow of blood in the retinal capillaries.

Observation and Perception

To observe the blue field entoptic phenomenon, one should look at a bright blue sky or a uniformly illuminated blue surface. The dots will appear to move in a zigzag pattern, often following the path of the capillaries. The speed and density of the dots can vary depending on the individual's blood flow and the clarity of the sky.

Some people may find it difficult to see the phenomenon, while others may notice it easily. It is a subjective experience and can vary from person to person.

Clinical Relevance

The blue field entoptic phenomenon is a normal visual experience and is not indicative of any eye disease. However, it can be used clinically to assess the patency of the retinal capillaries and the flow of blood in the retina. It is sometimes used in visual field tests to evaluate the health of the retinal circulation.

Also see

• Entoptic phenomenon
• Retina
• Visual perception
• White blood cell

References

• Scheerer, R. (1924). "Die entoptische Sichtbarkeit der Blutbewegung im Auge und ihre klinische Bedeutung". Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde.
• Helmholtz, H. von. (1867). "Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik".

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