Blood–spinal cord barrier

Blood–spinal cord barrier

The Blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is a specialized system of capillary walls and glial cells that prevents the passage of certain substances from the bloodstream into the spinal cord. This barrier is similar to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but has unique structural and functional characteristics that distinguish it from the BBB.

Structure

The BSCB is composed of endothelial cells that line the capillaries, pericytes that surround the endothelial cells, and astrocytes that form a second layer around the pericytes. These cells work together to maintain the integrity of the barrier and regulate the movement of substances between the blood and the spinal cord.

Function

The primary function of the BSCB is to protect the spinal cord from potentially harmful substances in the blood. It does this by selectively allowing certain molecules to pass through, while blocking others. This selective permeability is crucial for maintaining the proper chemical environment for neurons in the spinal cord.

Clinical significance

Disruption of the BSCB has been implicated in a number of neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the BSCB could lead to new treatments for these and other conditions.

See also

• Blood-brain barrier
• Neurovascular unit
• Central nervous system

References

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