Batesian mimicry

Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a common predator. It is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates, who first described it in 1862.

Overview

Batesian mimicry is a defensive mechanism used by various species to deter predators. The mimic, which is usually a harmless species, imitates the appearance, sounds, or other characteristics of a harmful or poisonous species. This mimicry can deter predators, who learn to associate the harmful characteristics with the harmless mimic.

History

Batesian mimicry was first described by Henry Walter Bates in 1862. Bates was studying butterflies in the Amazon rainforest when he noticed that certain harmless species bore a striking resemblance to poisonous species. He hypothesized that this resemblance was not a coincidence, but a survival strategy.

Examples

Examples of Batesian mimicry are found in many different species across the animal kingdom. For example, the harmless king snake is known to mimic the coloration of the venomous coral snake. Similarly, some species of hoverflies mimic the appearance of wasps, which are generally avoided by predators.

Mechanism

The mechanism behind Batesian mimicry involves natural selection. Those individuals in the harmless species that most closely resemble the harmful species are less likely to be preyed upon, and thus have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing. Over time, this leads to the harmless species increasingly resembling the harmful species.

Criticisms and Controversies

While Batesian mimicry is widely accepted, it has been subject to some criticism and controversy. Some scientists argue that it is difficult to prove conclusively, as it requires demonstrating that predators are indeed deceived by the mimicry. Others suggest that there may be other factors at play, such as the mimic species evolving similar appearances due to shared environmental pressures.

See Also

• Müllerian mimicry
• Mimicry
• Natural selection
• Henry Walter Bates

References

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Batesian_mimicry

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  Batesplate ArM

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  Henry Walter Bates Maull & Fox BNF Gallica (cropped)

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  Yellow-banded poison dart frog

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  Batesian vs Müllerian mimicry

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  Papilio polytes Thekkady

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  Common Rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae)

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  Syrphid - Spilomyia longicornis

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  Passiflora incarnata (detail)