Azotaemia

Azotaemia

Azotaemia (pronounced as /æzəˈtiːmiə/) is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea, creatinine, and other body waste compounds in the blood.

Etymology

The term "Azotaemia" is derived from the Greek words "azote" meaning "without life" and "haima" meaning "blood". This term was first used in the late 19th century to describe the condition of having an excess of nitrogenous waste in the blood.

Types of Azotaemia

There are three types of Azotaemia: Pre-renal azotaemia, Renal azotaemia, and Post-renal azotaemia. Each type is associated with different causes and may require different treatment approaches.

• Pre-renal azotaemia is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys. This can occur due to dehydration, heart failure, or decreased blood volume.

• Renal azotaemia is caused by damage to the kidney tissue itself. This can be due to diseases such as glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, or acute tubular necrosis.

• Post-renal azotaemia is caused by obstruction of urine flow. This can be due to conditions such as kidney stones, bladder stones, or prostate enlargement.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Azotaemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the type of Azotaemia. Common symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to uremic syndrome or kidney failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Azotaemia is typically made through blood tests that measure the levels of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for Azotaemia depends on the underlying cause. This may include measures to increase blood flow to the kidneys, treat kidney disease, or remove obstructions in the urinary tract.

Related Terms

• Urea
• Creatinine
• Uremic syndrome
• Kidney failure
• Glomerulonephritis
• Pyelonephritis
• Acute tubular necrosis
• Kidney stones
• Bladder stones
• Prostate enlargement

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Azotaemia
• Wikipedia's article - Azotaemia

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