Axoneme
Axoneme
The Axoneme (/ˈæksəˌniːm/) is a crucial component of a eukaryotic flagellum or cilium. It is the structural core of these organelles, providing a backbone for their movement and functionality.
Etymology
The term "Axoneme" is derived from the Greek words 'axis' meaning 'axle' and 'nema' meaning 'thread'. It was first used in the late 19th century to describe the central part of a cilium or flagellum.
Structure
The axoneme typically consists of a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets, and in most cases, two central single microtubules, forming a "9+2" structure. This structure is surrounded by the ciliary membrane, which is continuous with the plasma membrane of the cell.
Function
The axoneme serves as the "skeleton" of the cilia and flagella, providing a framework for dynein motor proteins to produce force and movement. The coordinated activity of these proteins causes the bending movements of the cilia and flagella.
Related Terms
- Cilium: A small hair-like structure present on the surface of all mammalian cells. They are primarily responsible for locomotion and are a key part of the axoneme structure.
- Flagellum: A whip-like structure that allows a cell to move. They are found in all three domains of the cellular world: bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
- Microtubule: A tubular component of the cytoskeleton, which forms the structure of the axoneme.
- Dynein: A family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells. They convert the chemical energy stored in ATP to mechanical work.
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