Autophagy (journal)

Autophagy (pronounced: /ɔːˈtɒfədʒi/; from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος autóphagos, meaning "self-devouring") is a cellular process that involves the degradation of a cell's own components through the lysosomal machinery. It is a mechanism by which the cell recycles its own organic material in a manner that's beneficial for metabolism and survival.

Etymology

The term "autophagy" is derived from the Greek words "auto", meaning "self", and "phagy", meaning "eating". This term was first coined by the Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve in 1963.

Process

Autophagy begins when organelles in the cell, such as mitochondria, become damaged or reach the end of their lifespan. The organelles are then enveloped in a double-membrane structure known as an autophagosome. The autophagosome then fuses with a lysosome, an organelle filled with enzymes that can break down many types of biomolecules. The contents of the autophagosome are then degraded and recycled.

Role in Disease

Autophagy plays a crucial role in preventing diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, myopathy, diabetes and infectious diseases. Dysregulation of autophagy can lead to various pathological conditions.