Atman
Atman (आत्मन्)
Atman (IPA: /ˈɑːtmən/; Sanskrit: आत्मन्) is a fundamental concept in Hindu philosophy, often translated as 'self' or 'soul'. It refers to the essential, eternal part of a living being that which is divine and transcends the physical realm.
Etymology
The term 'Atman' is derived from the Sanskrit root '*āt-' (to breathe), suggesting the life-sustaining force within a living being. It is often used interchangeably with terms like 'Jiva' (individual soul) and 'Brahman' (universal soul or spirit).
Concept
In Hindu philosophy, Atman is considered the true self, beyond identification with phenomena, the essence of an individual. In order to attain Moksha (liberation), a human being must acquire self-knowledge (atma jnana), which is to realize that one's true self (Atman) is identical with the transcendent self Brahman.
Related Terms
- Brahman: The ultimate reality or absolute reality, a key concept in Hindu philosophy.
- Jiva: The individual soul or self, which is subject to the law of Karma and Samsara.
- Moksha: The liberation from the cycle of birth and death, one of the four ultimate aims in Hindu philosophy.
- Karma: The law of action and reaction, cause and effect, determining one's destiny.
- Samsara: The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, the worldly existence.
See Also
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