Astacus astacus

Astacus astacus male

Astacus astacus, commonly known as the European crayfish, noble crayfish, or broad-fingered crayfish, is a species of freshwater crayfish native to Europe. It is the most common species of crayfish in Europe and is considered a delicacy in many countries.

Description

Astacus astacus has a robust body with a smooth, dark brown to reddish-brown exoskeleton. The species is characterized by its broad, flat claws, which are used for defense and foraging. Adult crayfish can reach a length of 16 cm (6.3 in) and weigh up to 300 grams (10.6 oz).

Habitat

The European crayfish inhabits clean, well-oxygenated freshwater bodies such as rivers, lakes, and streams. It prefers habitats with abundant shelter, such as rocks, logs, and aquatic vegetation. The species is sensitive to pollution and requires high water quality to thrive.

Distribution

Astacus astacus is found throughout Europe, from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Its range extends from southern Scandinavia to the northern parts of the Balkans.

Diet

The diet of Astacus astacus is omnivorous, consisting of aquatic plants, invertebrates, detritus, and occasionally small fish. They are nocturnal feeders, foraging primarily at night.

Reproduction

Breeding occurs in the autumn, with females carrying fertilized eggs under their tails through the winter. The eggs hatch in the spring, and the young crayfish remain attached to the mother for several weeks before becoming independent.

Conservation Status

The European crayfish is listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to habitat loss, pollution, and the introduction of non-native crayfish species, such as the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), which carry the crayfish plague.

Economic Importance

Astacus astacus is highly valued for its culinary qualities and is harvested both commercially and recreationally. It is considered a delicacy in many European countries, where it is often served in traditional dishes.

Related Pages

• Crayfish
• Freshwater crustaceans
• Crayfish plague
• Signal crayfish
• IUCN Red List