Argyll Robertson pupil

Argyll Robertson Pupil

Argyll Robertson Pupil (pronounced: /ɑːrˈɡaɪl ˈrɒbərtsən ˈpjuːpəl/) is a medical condition characterized by bilateral small pupils that constrict when the patient focuses on a near object (they accommodate), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (they do not react to light).

Etymology

The term is named after the Scottish ophthalmologist Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson, who described the condition in the late 19th century.

Symptoms and Signs

The primary sign of Argyll Robertson Pupil is the presence of small, irregular pupils that do not react to light but constrict when focusing on a near object. This is often described as "light-near dissociation". Other symptoms may include blurry vision, difficulty in adapting to dark environments, and potential issues with depth perception.

Causes

Argyll Robertson Pupil is most commonly associated with neurosyphilis, a tertiary form of syphilis. However, it can also be caused by other conditions that damage the midbrain or pretectal area, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Argyll Robertson Pupil is primarily based on clinical examination of the eyes. The doctor will look for the characteristic light-near dissociation and may also perform other tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for Argyll Robertson Pupil primarily involves addressing the underlying cause. For example, if the condition is caused by neurosyphilis, the patient would be treated with antibiotics to combat the syphilis infection.

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Argyll Robertson pupil