Arab–Israeli conflict

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  Key players in the Arab–Israeli conflict

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  Arab Liberation Army

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  1947 UN Partition Plan and 1949 Armistice Comparison

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  Bridge Crossing during the Arab–Israeli conflict

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  Begin, Carter, and Sadat at Camp David, 1978

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  Bill Clinton, Yitzhak Rabin, and Yasser Arafat at the White House, 1993

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  Israel-Palestine Diplomacy

Arab–Israeli Conflict

The Arab–Israeli conflict refers to the political tension, military conflicts, and disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel. The roots of the conflict are complex and involve historical, religious, and political factors.

Historical Background

The origins of the Arab–Israeli conflict can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism. The Balfour Declaration of 1917, issued by the United Kingdom, expressed support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire and later a British Mandate.

The increasing immigration of Jews to Palestine and the subsequent establishment of Jewish settlements led to tensions with the Arab population. The conflict intensified after the United Nations proposed the partition of Palestine in 1947, which was accepted by the Jewish leadership but rejected by the Arab states.

Major Conflicts

1948 Arab–Israeli War

Following the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948, neighboring Arab states invaded the newly declared state, leading to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The war resulted in a significant territorial expansion for Israel and the displacement of a large number of Palestinian refugees.

Suez Crisis

In 1956, the Suez Crisis erupted when Israel, along with the United Kingdom and France, invaded Egypt following Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal. The conflict ended with a withdrawal of invading forces and a United Nations peacekeeping presence in the Sinai Peninsula.

Six-Day War

The Six-Day War of 1967 was a pivotal conflict in which Israel launched a preemptive strike against Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Israel captured the Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, and the Golan Heights. The war significantly altered the geopolitical landscape of the region.

Yom Kippur War

In 1973, Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, leading to the Yom Kippur War. The conflict ended with a ceasefire and subsequent disengagement agreements.

Peace Efforts

Camp David Accords

The Camp David Accords of 1978, brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, led to a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979. Egypt became the first Arab country to officially recognize Israel.

Oslo Accords

The Oslo Accords of the 1990s were a series of agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) aimed at achieving a peace process and the establishment of a Palestinian state.

Recent Developments

In recent years, the conflict has seen various attempts at negotiation and peace, including the Abraham Accords in 2020, which normalized relations between Israel and several Arab countries, including the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain.

Related Pages

• History of Israel
• Palestinian territories
• Arab League
• Israeli–Palestinian conflict
• Middle East peace process