Antithrombin
Antithrombin (pronounced: an-ti-throm-bin) is a small protein molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system. Antithrombin is a Glycoprotein produced by the liver and consists of 432 amino acids. It is a potent inhibitor of the Coagulation cascade, limiting the ability of the blood to form clots.
Etymology
The term "Antithrombin" comes from the anti- (against) and thrombin, a protein involved in blood clotting. Thrombin, in turn, is derived from the Greek word "thrombos," meaning clot.
Function
Antithrombin is a Serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that functions as a major anticoagulant by inhibiting thrombin and other proteases involved in blood clotting, including Factor Xa and Factor IXa. It is a critical regulator of the Coagulation system, preventing excessive clot formation and ensuring blood fluidity.
Clinical Significance
Deficiency in antithrombin can lead to an increased risk of Thrombosis, the formation of abnormal blood clots in the body. This condition is known as Antithrombin III deficiency. Conversely, too much antithrombin could potentially lead to issues with bleeding. Antithrombin is also used therapeutically as an anticoagulant in certain clinical situations.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Antithrombin
- Wikipedia's article - Antithrombin
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