Airways

Details
Synonyms
Pronunciation
Carnegie stage
Days
Precursor
Gives rise to
Part of

The airways or respiratory tract is the part of the respiratory system involved in the process of respiration in mammals. The airways are responsible for the passage of air into and out of the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. The airways are divided anatomically into the upper airways and the lower airways.

Structure

Upper Airways

The upper airways consist of the nose and nasal cavity, the pharynx, and the larynx. These structures warm, filter, and humidify the inhaled air, making it suitable for the delicate tissues of the lower airways and the lungs.

Lower Airways

The lower airways begin at the trachea, which divides into two main bronchi, each entering a lung. Within the lungs, the bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles which further divide into even smaller passages called alveolar ducts. The smallest units are the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

Function

The primary function of the airways is to transport air to the lungs and facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This is essential for maintaining the body's metabolism and overall health. The airways also play a crucial role in protecting the body from pathogens and foreign particles through various defense mechanisms, including the mucociliary clearance system.

Clinical Significance

1. 1. 1. Diseases of the Airways

Several conditions can affect the airways, ranging from infections like bronchitis and pneumonia to chronic conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These diseases can lead to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

1. 1. 1. Diagnostic and Treatment Procedures

Medical procedures related to the airways include bronchoscopy, where a tool is used to view the inside of the airways, and pulmonary function tests which assess the functioning of the respiratory system.

See also

• Lung
• Breathing
• Respiratory system