Adiponectin receptor

Adiponectin receptor is a type of protein that is encoded by the ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes in humans. These receptors are integral membrane proteins that bind adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism.

Structure

Adiponectin receptors are composed of seven transmembrane domains, but unlike G-protein coupled receptors, their N-terminus is located intracellularly and their C-terminus is extracellular. The receptors are widely expressed in various tissues, with ADIPOR1 being more prevalent in skeletal muscle and ADIPOR2 being more prevalent in the liver.

Function

The primary function of adiponectin receptors is to mediate the effects of adiponectin. Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, increases fatty acid oxidation, and reduces glucose production in the liver. It also has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The binding of adiponectin to its receptors activates several intracellular signaling pathways, including AMPK, PPAR-α, and MAPK.

Clinical significance

Alterations in adiponectin receptor function or expression have been associated with several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Lower levels of adiponectin and its receptors have been observed in obese individuals and those with insulin resistance.

Research

Research on adiponectin receptors is ongoing, with studies focusing on their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. Several adiponectin receptor agonists have been developed and are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical trials.

See also

• Adiponectin
• Adipocyte
• Metabolic disorder
• Insulin resistance
• Obesity