ASD

ASD or Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is said to be a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life.

Etymology

The term "autism" comes from the Greek word "autos," which means "self." It describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction—hence, an isolated self.

Definition

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills, and rigid, repetitive behaviors. The effects of ASD and the severity of symptoms are different in each person.

Symptoms

ASD symptoms can vary greatly from person to person depending on the severity of the disorder. Symptoms may even go unrecognized, especially in mildly affected individuals or when more debilitating handicaps mask it. Some of the symptoms include:

• Difficulties with social interaction
• Obsessive interests
• Repetitive behaviors
• Nonverbal communication
• Lack of empathy

Causes

The exact cause of ASD is not known. A variety of factors may lead to ASD, including genetic, environmental, and neurological factors.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ASD involves two steps: a developmental screening and a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.

Treatment

There is no cure for ASD. Therapies and behavioral interventions are designed to remedy specific symptoms and can bring about substantial improvement.

See also

• Autism
• Pervasive developmental disorder
• Asperger syndrome

References

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