Granulosa cell tumour

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
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Granulosa cell tumour
Synonyms	Granulosa cell tumor
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, bloating, menstrual irregularities
Complications	Infertility, malignancy
Onset	Typically adulthood
Duration	Variable
Types	Adult granulosa cell tumour, Juvenile granulosa cell tumour
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Genetic mutations, hormonal factors
Diagnosis	Histopathology, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Ovarian cancer, endometriosis
Prevention	None known
Treatment	Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Medication	Hormonal therapy
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	Rare

Ovarian tumors by incidence and cancer risk

Histopathology of adult granulosa cell tumor

Granulosa cell tumour is a type of ovarian cancer that originates from the granulosa cells within the ovary. These tumours are part of a larger group of cancers known as sex cord-stromal tumours, which make up approximately 5% of all ovarian cancers.

Etiology

The exact cause of granulosa cell tumours is unknown. However, they are associated with mutations in the FOXL2 gene. This gene is involved in the development and function of the ovaries, and mutations can lead to abnormal growth of granulosa cells.

Symptoms

Symptoms of granulosa cell tumours can vary widely, depending on the size and location of the tumour. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular menstruation. In some cases, these tumours can produce estrogen, leading to symptoms of estrogen excess such as breast tenderness and menstrual irregularities.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of granulosa cell tumours typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can help to identify the location and size of the tumour. A biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope, can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for granulosa cell tumours typically involves surgery to remove the tumour. This may be followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, hormone therapy may be used to block the effects of estrogen, which can stimulate the growth of these tumours.

Prognosis

The prognosis for granulosa cell tumours is generally good, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80%. However, these tumours can recur, so long-term follow-up is necessary.

See also

• Ovarian cancer
• Sex cord-stromal tumour
• FOXL2

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