Scheuermann's disease

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Scheuermann's disease
X-ray of Scheuermann's disease affecting the thoracic spine
Synonyms	Scheuermann's kyphosis, juvenile kyphosis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Back pain, kyphosis, poor posture
Complications	Chronic pain, spinal deformity
Onset	Adolescence
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly genetic
Risks	Family history, adolescent growth spurts
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Postural kyphosis, congenital kyphosis, scoliosis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, bracing, surgery (in severe cases)
Medication	Pain relievers
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	0.4% to 8% of the population
Deaths	N/A

Scheuermann's disease, also known as Scheuermann's kyphosis, is a condition characterized by abnormal kyphosis of the thoracic spine. It is named after the Danish radiologist Holger Scheuermann, who first described the condition in 1921. This disease typically manifests during adolescence and is more common in males than females.

Pathophysiology

Scheuermann's disease is caused by the wedging of several consecutive vertebrae, leading to an exaggerated forward curvature of the spine. The exact etiology is unknown, but it is believed to involve genetic, biomechanical, and possibly hormonal factors. The condition is often associated with vertebral endplate irregularities and Schmorl's nodes.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Scheuermann's disease is a noticeable kyphotic curve in the upper back. Other symptoms may include:

• Back pain, particularly in the thoracic region
• Fatigue
• Stiffness in the spine
• Reduced flexibility
• In severe cases, neurological deficits due to spinal cord compression

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and radiographic imaging. X-rays of the spine will show the characteristic wedging of three or more consecutive vertebrae by at least 5 degrees each. MRI and CT scans may be used to assess the severity and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment options for Scheuermann's disease depend on the severity of the condition and the symptoms. They may include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen the back muscles and improve posture
• Bracing to prevent further curvature in growing adolescents
• Pain management with medications such as NSAIDs
• In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the spinal deformity

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Scheuermann's disease varies. Many individuals experience improvement with conservative treatments, while others may require surgery. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage symptoms and prevent progression.

See also

• Kyphosis
• Scoliosis
• Spinal fusion
• Physical therapy
• Holger Scheuermann

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