Attenuated patella alta

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Attenuated patella alta
Diagram of the knee showing the patella
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Knee pain, instability, difficulty with knee extension
Complications	Patellar dislocation, osteoarthritis
Onset	Typically in adolescence or young adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic predisposition, trauma, overuse
Risks	Family history, high-impact sports
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Patellar tendinitis, chondromalacia patellae
Prevention	Strengthening exercises, proper footwear, activity modification
Treatment	Physical therapy, bracing, surgery
Medication	NSAIDs
Prognosis	Variable, depending on severity and treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

An overview of attenuated patella alta, a condition affecting the knee joint

Introduction

Diagram of the patella, showing its position in the knee joint.

Attenuated patella alta is a condition characterized by an abnormally high positioning of the patella (kneecap) in relation to the femur and tibia within the knee joint. This condition can lead to altered biomechanics of the knee, potentially causing pain and instability.

Anatomy of the Patella

The patella is a small, flat, triangular bone that sits within the patellar tendon and articulates with the femur. It plays a crucial role in the extensor mechanism of the knee, aiding in the extension of the leg. The position of the patella is typically assessed using the Insall-Salvati ratio, which compares the length of the patella to the length of the patellar tendon.

Causes

Attenuated patella alta can be congenital or acquired. Congenital cases are often due to genetic factors that affect the development of the knee joint. Acquired cases may result from trauma, surgery, or conditions that lead to weakening or elongation of the patellar tendon.

Symptoms

Individuals with attenuated patella alta may experience:

• Knee pain, particularly during activities that involve bending the knee.
• A sensation of instability or "giving way" of the knee.
• Difficulty in performing activities such as squatting or climbing stairs.
• Increased risk of patellar dislocation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of attenuated patella alta typically involves a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. X-rays and MRI scans are commonly used to assess the position of the patella and the condition of the surrounding structures.

Treatment

Treatment options for attenuated patella alta depend on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced by the patient. Conservative treatments may include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve joint stability.
• Use of knee braces to provide support during activities.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage pain and inflammation.

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the position of the patella and address any associated structural abnormalities.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with attenuated patella alta varies. With appropriate management, many individuals can achieve good functional outcomes and return to normal activities. However, ongoing monitoring and management may be required to prevent recurrence or worsening of symptoms.

See also

• Patellar dislocation
• Knee joint
• Patellar tendon
• Extensor mechanism of the knee